1. General glossary
1. investment
statement (phr.) – инвестиционен
отчет
2. cope
with (v.) – справям
се с
3. outperform (v.)
– превъзхождам в
представянето
4. return
(n.) – възвръщане,
данъчна декларация
5. rebound (v.)
– отскачам, рикоширам
6. dependable (adj.)
– надежден
7. romance novel (phr.)
– любовен роман
8. drop (v.)
– капя, падам
9. roll in (v.)
– стичаме се, трупаме се
10. retire (v.)
– пенсионирам, оттеглям
се
11. going on
vacation (phr.) – отиване
на почивка
12. asset
(n.) – актив, придобивка
13. deteriorate
(v.) – влошавам,
израждам, корумпирам се
14. downturn (n.)
– спад, тенденция към
намаляване
15. reap
(v.) – жъна, пожънвам
16. sow (v.)
– сея, посявам
17. derail
(v.) – провалям,
дерайлирам
18. consistent (adj.)
– последователен, логичен
19. investing (n.)
– инвестиране, влагане
20. averaging (n.)
– осредняване
21. compound
interest (n.) – сложна
лихва
22. dividend
(n.) – дивидент, делимо
23. bush
(n.) – храст, храсталак
24. versus (prep.)
– срещу, в сравнение с
25. reward (n.)
- отплата
26. steady
(adj.) – стабилен,
постоянен, устойчив
27. hatch
(v.) – люпя, мътя се
28. stock
(n.) – акции,
инвентар
29. decline
(n.) – упадък,
намаляване, влошаване
30. conversely (adv.)
– обратно
31. volatile (adj.)
– променлив, непостоянен
32. liquid
account (n.) – ликвидна
сметка
33. deposit
account (n.)
– депозитна сметка
34. household expenses (n.)
– разходи за
домакинството
35. set aside (n.)
– слагам настрана
36. discount
(n.) – отстъпка,
намаление, сконто
37. owe (v.)
– дължа
38. income
(v.) – доход
39. liability (v.)
– задължение, дълг,
отговорност
40. fee (n.)
– такса
41. excessive
(adj.) – прекомерен,
прекален
42. mutual fund (n.)
– взаимен фонд
43.
henhouse
(n.) – кокошарник
44. cautiously
(adv.) – предпазливо,
внимателно
45. fraud (n.)
– измама, измамник,
позьор
46. fake (adj.)
– фалшив; n. имитация, фалшификация, измислица
47. fake documents (phr.)
– фалшиви документи
48. chaff
(n.) – плява, слама
49. wheat (n.)
– пшеница, жито
50. checklist (n.)
– контролен списък
51. financial
advisor (n.) – финансов
съветник
52. banker (n.)
– банкер, зидарски тезгях
53. accountant
(n.) – счетоводител
54. resolve (n.)
– решителност, кураж2. Word definitions
Word
|
Definition
|
Investment
statement (инвестиционен
отчет)
|
A
monthly report on a person’s investments
|
Blue
chip (сините
чипове)
|
A
stock that sells at a high price because of public confidence in its long
record of steady earnings
|
A
nest egg (бели
пари)
|
An
amount of money that you have saved
|
Compound
interest (сложна
лихва)
|
The
interest that has been added to the principal and also itself earns interest
|
Volatile
investment (волатилни
инвестиции)
|
Insecure,
unstable investment
|
A
rainy day (тъмни
времена)
|
A
time of need or trouble
|
Liquid
account (срочен
депозит)
|
Money
deposit that can be easily accessed
|
Interest
rate (лихвен
процент)
|
The
percentage of a sum of money charged for its use
|
Mortgage
rate (ипотечен
процент)
|
Interest
charged by banks on house-purchase loans
|
Liabilities
(пасив)
|
Financial
obligations
|
Mutual
fund (взаимен
фонд)
|
The
pooled money that is invested in assets
|
Watchdog
(куче пазач)
|
A
guardian or defender against theft or illegal practices or waste
|
3. Proverbs and their meaning
№
|
Proverb
|
Meaning
|
1.
|
You
reap what you sow (Каквото посееш това ще пожънеш)
|
You
will either enjoy the benefits or suffer the consequences of your earlier
actions or inactions
|
2.
|
The
early bird gets the worm (рано пиле рано пее)
|
Success
comes to those who prepare well and put in an effort
|
3.
|
A
bird in the band is worth two in the bush (птичка в ръката е повече от две в
гората)
|
Something
that you already have in your possession is better than going after something
seemingly more worthwhile that you may not be able to get
|
4.
|
Don’t
count your eggs before they hatch (не слагай рибата в тигана преди да
си я уловил)
|
Don’t
be hasty in evaluating your assets
|
5.
|
Get
you ducks in a row ()
|
Get
your affairs in order, organize well
|
6.
|
Don’t
put all your eggs in one basket (не слагай всички яйца в една кошница)
|
You
should not risk everything in a single venture
(рискована работа,
търговска спекулация)
|
7.
|
You
can’t make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear ()
|
You
cannot make something more valuable and worthy than it is by nature
|
8.
|
Don’t
let the foxes guard the henhouse ()
|
Don’t
assign a job to someone who will then be in a position to exploit it for his
own ends
|
9.
|
Separate
the wheat from the chaff (отсявай сеното от плявата)
|
You
should distinguish between things that are worthy and valuable and those
which are not
|
10.
|
Every
cloud has a silver lining (всяко зло за добро)
|
Every
bad situation has some good aspect to it
|
4. Completing the sentences with the expressions
1. Immediately
recognized as legal tender (законно
платежно средство) for purchases and to settle
outstanding debts, currency remains the single most common of all liquid assets
that are used on a consistent basis by retail
customers (клиенти на
дребно).
2. What you’ll
receive by return mail a few weeks later is basically a transaction record (разписка на плащанията), similar
to a bank statement (банково извлечение),
nothing all the goings-on between you and the IRS.
3. If it is not
an original, it has to be a certified copy (заверено копие), certified
by a Mexican notary public.
4.
I’ve been in debt for the past eight years and have quite severe areas on all
my utility
bills (сметки за
комунални услуги) and rent.
5. When cash
flow (паричен
поток) came to a halt
(спиране, застой),
the company found itself awash (тласкан от вълните) in debt.
6. The numbers
are based on the amount of income you declare on your tax return (данъчна декларация)
and whether you filed as single or married.
7. Payday loans
offer the appeal to consumers of being fast, convenient and not paper-intensive
(often, not much more than a current bank statement, pay stub and proof
of residence)
8.
When the opening bell sounded at the New York Stock Exchange (Фондова борса) this morning,
traders hoped for a lucky Friday the 13th.
9.
Ordinarily, employers cover 70% or more of an employee’s health insurance premium
(премия за здравно
осигуряване)
10. The first
half of the season has provided a volatile market, full of unexpected
upswings and surprising downturns (изненадващи спадове).
11. Essentially, a
liquid
asset (ликвиден
актив) is a cash or any type of negotiable (които
може да се прехвърли, договори)
asset that can be converted quickly and easily into cash.
Usage note:
IRS and HMRS
|
IRS: Internal Revenue Service
is the tax collection agency for the United States government. It is
responsible for collecting all federal taxes. Its counterpart in the United
Kingdom is HMRC: Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs.
|
5. Completing the sentences using appropriate verbs
1. Diversify
(разнообразявам)
your investments by owning a mix of stocks and bonds based on your individual
needs and your philosophy about investment risks.
2.
By educating yourself and moving cautiously, you may stay clear of (да се предпазиш)
fraud (измама).
3. Job losses
or other unexpected events can derail (провалям, дерайлирам) the highly structured payment plans (силно
структурираните
схеми на плащане).
4.
He trots
out (привеждам)
the same excuses every time.
5. Economic
conditions are still too uncertain to inspire the scale of business investment
that would produce enough jobs to offset (компенсирам, обещетявам)
the millions already lost.
6. As the economy
starts to rebound (отскачам,
възродявам се) from the recession, a lot of people in the new
business wonder if this includes them.
7. Goldman’s
trading allowed the firm to weather (устоявам на, суша, излагам на атмосферни влияния)
the financial crisis better than most other big banks.
8. Does this prospective (бъдещ, вероятен)
management team have enough experience and discipline to stay clear of trouble (беда, тревога, безпокойство).
9. Apparently
these companies not only survived, they’ve begun to thrive (процъфтявам, преуспявам).
10. The biggest
task may be simply persuading lawmakers that the situation is urgent enough to warrant
(гарантира, дава
основание за) rewriting national policy
11. A lender (заемодател) can charge (задължавам, искам цена) an origination fee (a fee charged by a
lender on entering into a loan agreement to cover the cost of processing the
loan.) of 2 percent of the first $20 000, plus another 1 percent for
amounts over that.
12. Rates on
30-year fixed-rate mortgages averaged 6.13 percent this week.
13.
Small businesses fear they could go to the wall before their economies rebound.
14.
Half a dozen states are considering freezing tax refunds (възстановяване
на данъци) as a way to offset cash flow problems.
15.
She was generous in her giving. She had done nothing to warrant such chilly
treatment.
16. Another reason to add commodities to your investment mix – one that’s especially relevant to those approaching retirement age – is to offset inflation.
16. Another reason to add commodities to your investment mix – one that’s especially relevant to those approaching retirement age – is to offset inflation.
6. Collocations with verbs (derail, diversify, offset, weather, outperform, accumulate)
Verb
|
Part
|
Derail (провалям)
|
project,
negotiations, reform, campaign, career, plan
|
Diversify (разнообразявам)
|
portfolio,
investments, crops, the local economy, energy
|
Offset (уравновесявам)
|
losses,
costs, expenses, excessive fees, liabilities
|
Weather (устоявам на)
|
Crisis,
an economic downturn, a recession, the ups and downs of the market
|
Outperform (представям се по-добре)
|
one’s
peers, competitors, the market average
|
Accumulate (натрупвам)
|
savings,
arrears (просрочия), debts, interest (лихва)
|
7. Completing the sentences using the
following words and expressions
1. The
company’s strong financial position is enabling
(позволява, дава
възможност) it to weather the current economic downturn (икономически спад)
better.
2. One of the
bad habits is the practice of non-payment
(неизплащане)
of dues and the accumulation of huge arrears (просрочия).
3. A special
phone number is available for anyone who is suspicious of fraud (измама) or mismanagement (лошо ръководство).
4. Lenders (заемодателите)
accept a
recent pay stub (малко
плащане) or government check as proof of income.
5. Regular
investment of small amounts of money is an excellent way of building nest
egg.
6.
The economic integration of Europe took place in the midst of an almost
unprecedented economic upswing (икономически
подем), which increased people’s standard of living year
after year.
7.
Canada kept the old rules in place, requiring banks to hold higher amounts of
capital to offset their liabilities (пасив).
8. A drop and subsequent
rebound (последващо
възстановяване) in the euro steered the Dow Jones Index from a loss
of 184 points at midday to a gain of almost 6 by the close.
9. Your travel
agent can usually book this for you, sometimes for an extra charge (доплащане).
10. Solvency (платежоспособност)
should be a simple financial concept: if your assets (активи) are worth
more than your liabilities, you are solvent; if not, you are in danger of bankruptcy
(банкрут).
11. Commodities
can be volatile, but adding them to a portfolio can actually reduce overall
volatility (общата
променливост).
8. Completing the sentences using the
adjectives
1. The
bankruptcy courts are at fault for allowing insolvent carriers
(неплатежоспособни
превозвачи) a seemingly
(привидно, както изглежда) limitless (неограничен, безграничен)
period to reorganize.
2. Get your
financial house in order. Reduce your outstanding debt (неизплатен дълг)
and clear
up any problems with your credit record (кредитна история).
3. Despite its $9
billion in cash and liquid investments (ликвидни
инвестиции), Dell has long resisted paying a dividend.
4. We wanted to assemble (събирам, сглобявам) a diversified
(разнообразен), dependable (надежден, сигурен)
portfolio of stocks for the long term – a selection that could soar when the
market did but also hold steady during darker times.
5. There has been
a lot of doubt that a coffee company could be developed in a way that would
provide ongoing growth (продължаващ
растеж).
6. I think that
there is a certain amount of level-headed thinking (уравновесено мислене)
that’s coming in, back into the electorate.
7. The real
estate market isn’t liquid – you can’t cash out at a moment’s notice.
8.
Innovative new business models have made the economy more efficient and
business cycles less volatile.
9. He
wasn’t interested in managing his portfolio, so he would consider paying for ongoing
investment advice (текуща
инвестиционна консултация).
10. Euronet
Worldwide is a thriving company (процъфтяваща
компания) with a healthy
long-term outlook
(здравословна дългосрочна перспектива).
USAGE NOTE:
affect and effect
|
To
affect
(засягам, влияя,
въздействам, вълнувам, трогвам) means to act
upon or influence, especially in an adverse way, to have an effect on. It
also means to put on a false show of, to imitate, simulate. To
effect
(извършвам, подействам,
постигам)
means to bring into existence, to produce as a result. When used as a
noun, effect means something that is produced by a cause or agent;
a result.
|
9. Completing the text using appropriate words and expressions
Nearly
everyone lost money in the recent market downturn (пазарен спад). It was, by
many measures
(мерки) the toughest time (най-трудното време)
for investors since the Great Depression. U.S. stocks tumbled (падам, катурвам се, прекатурвам) and so did foreign
stocks (чуждестранните
акции).
Just about everything else fell, and as a result, many investors –
probably yourself included – saw their nest egg shrink (стопявам
се, свивам се).
Even though the past months have seen a bit of a comeback (завръщане, обезщетение), investors
are still scratching (чеша, почесвам,
дращя, одрасквам) their heads, wondering if
the old rules for investing still apply.
A rash
(епидемия, обрив)
of media
stories called for abandoning the diversified portfolio, or adopting new tactics,
such as market timing (jumping in and out of the stock market in the hopes of
buying low and selling high). Other stories have advocated just keeping your
money under the proverbial (пословичен)
mattress. Investors are listening.
We’re
here to tell you that you might want to think twice before following the pack
(глутница, пакет, вързоп)
and abandoning the tried and true –the well-diversified, broad portfolio of
stocks and bonds and cash. Here’s why.
Cash
is costly. Keeping your money in cash may spare you from market volatility, but
in the long run, the return (възвръщане) on a
diversified portfolio of 60 percent stocks and 40 percent bonds still clobbered
cash. According to Morningstar, the respective 30-year returns on the
diversified portfolio, after accounting for inflation, were three to
four times that of a portfolio held in cash.
Specific
winners and losers are unpredictable, too. If, instead of diversifying your
portfolio, you try to zero in on individual securities or small segments of the
market, you may be adding to your risk, but not your return. “People are often overconfident
(самоуверен) in thinking
they can pick one stock or perhaps one industry that is going to do well,” says
Don Bennyhoff, a senior investment analyst (инвестиционен анализатор) at Vanguard
Investments. “Professional investors often do a very poor job when they attempt
such picks – the average investor won’t even do that well.”
USAGE NOTE:
economic and economical
|
Economic
means of or relating to an economy or to the science of economics.
Economical
means prudent (предпазлив) and thrifty (пестелив) in
management; not wasteful (прахоснически, разточителен)
or extravagant; intended to save money, as by efficient operation or
elimination of unnecessary features.
|
10. Studying the following synonyms and
useing them to complete the sentences below
№
|
Verb
|
Meaning
|
1.
|
Gather
(tr/intr)
|
means
to bring or come together in a group
|
2.
|
Collect
(tr/intr)
|
frequently
refers to the careful selection of like or related things that become part of
an organized whole
|
3.
|
Assemble
(tr/intr)
|
Implies
a definite and usually close relationship. When used with persons, it
suggests convening out of common interest or purpose; when used with things
it implies gathering and fitting together components
|
4.
|
Congregate
(intr)
|
Refers
chiefly to the coming together of a large number of persons or animals
|
5.
|
Accumulate
(tr/intr)
|
Applies
to the increase of related things over an extended period
|
6.
|
Amass
(tr/intr)
|
Refers
to the collection or accumulation of things, often valuable things, to form
an imposing quantity
|
7.
|
Accrue
(tr/intr)
|
Is
to increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth or over time
|
8.
|
Garner
(tr)
|
Means
to gather and store
|
1. The
main goal of the company is to accumulate a broad portfolio of
small stakes in many companies.
2. Full-time workers (работниците на пълен работен ден) accrue
an average of six sick-leave days per year.
3.
Under the bill, loan originators (инициаторите, основоположниците) will be required to collect all of their fees
upfront (авансово).
4. He was
apparently trying to assemble a team to carry out the
operation.
5. The senator had spent much time garnering financial support for his
upcoming campaign.
6. I do believe it’s my job to collect taxes, but it’s also to protect
the taxpayers interests.
7. People must be able to gather peacefully, and defend their
rights both in writing and orally.
8. Many Google products have raised red flags among privacy groups,
because they often provide new ways for the company to collect information about
users.
9. College loans (студентските заеми)
for children are one frequent reason why women amass/accumulate debt
late in life
10. Consistent investing (последователното
инвестиране) over time is the best way to accumulate a nest egg.
11.
On the other hand, the program has been expensive, and its benefits accrue
to people who are already affluent enough to buy a home.
12.
The curator (попечител) is assembling
an interesting exhibit of Stone Age artifacts.
13. The emerging world (развиващия се свят)
soon began to accumulate large quantities (големи количества)
of reserves, reducing its vulnerability
(уязвимост)
in responding to the crises.
14. The project
aims to have local manufacturers (местните производители) assemble
the machines.
15.
The Chinese will always garner profit in whatever field they
employ their considerable talents (значими таланти).
16. To amass
knowledge without becoming wise is not my idea of progress in therapy (лечението).
17. All manner of
dogs and owners congregate in the park each morning.
18.
So long as he continues to straddle (възсядам) the fence,
Bennet will garner campaign contributions from both labor and business
groups.
19.
When the conditions of educational institutions and health facilities for
African Americans are improved positive benefits will accrue for all citizens.
20.
After several failed attempts to amass a fortune and spread his vision in
Korea, he moved to the United States.
21.
It is a creative physical environment where entrepreneurs, scientists and
researchers would gather, exchange ideas and interact.
22.
Because New Jersey law does not recognize a fetus () as a person, the women
could not collect wrongful-death damages.
11. Phrasal verbs and their meanings
Phrasal verb
|
meaning
|
Make
out (разбирам)
|
Be
able to see or hear something
|
Make
out (установявам)
|
Establish,
prove
|
Make
over ()
|
Change
or transfer the ownership of
|
Make
up for (приготвям
се за)
|
Try
to compensate for doing something wrong
|
Make
away/off with ()
|
Snatch (грабване, посягане)
and steal
|
Make
up ()
|
Reconcile (примирявам, помирявам),
stop being angry with
|
Make
out ()
|
Pretend (претендирам); lead
people to believe
|
Make
up (съчинявам)
|
invent
|
Make
out (разбирам,
проумявам)
|
Get along (справям се), manage
|
Make
out (попълвам)
|
Write
(a document), fill in
|
12. Completing the sentences using a suitable phrasal verb with make in the correct form
1.
We were descending toward the city
skyline (силуета на
града), and I still could not make out anything that
resembled an airport.
2. Poor service (лошото
обслужване) does not make for satisfied customers.
3.
You can accept this as an extra compensation payment to make up for the stress
you have been caused.
4. Unlike (за разлика, противно на) so many fancy (фантазе) American TV dramas, Mad Men doesn’t require the viewer (телезрител) to pause and replay the DVD to make out what’s being said.
5.
I need someone to make out the invoices
(фактурите).
6. They are creating
a new non-profit organization to help the University of Colorado make
over its public image.
7.
She’s given me so much. I don’t know how I’m ever going to make it up to her.
8. Once
they’ve bought the apartment they can make it over to suit themselves.
9.
He bought me dinner to make up for being late the day
before.
10.
Less than half of the money that students receive is in the form of grants (дарения), and loans make up the difference.
11.
Thieves raided the premises (помещенията) and made
away $10 000 in cash.
12. Your
grandfather isn’t a very good actor. He tried to make out that he was deaf (глух, неотзивчив), but I wasn’t
taken in.
13. He made
for the toilet as soon as we got home.
14.
Bob turned over to sleep again, wondering how Jupiter and Pete were making
out.
15.
For every $ 100 you invest in a pension plan the Inland Revenue (вътрешните
приходи) makes up to $ 125.
16. Before dying
she made
over to her only living niece most of the land.
17.
His brilliant explanation makes for a better understanding of
the whole issue.
13. Idiomatic expressions and their meanings
Idiomatic
expressions
|
Meaning
|
Make
a (firm) stand against
|
Aggressively
striving for financial or social improvement
|
Make
ends meet (свързвам
двата края)
|
Manage
so that one’s means are sufficient for one’s need
|
Make
do with
|
to use what
is available although it is not enough or what you wanted:
“Can you make do with $5 for now and I’ll
give you the rest tomorrow?”
|
Have
the makings of
|
Have
all the qualities to become something
|
To
be making of someone
|
Be
the means or cause of progress or success, as in “Marriage will be the making
of him”.
This
idiom, using making in the sense of "advancement," was first
recorded about 1470.
|
Be
on the make
|
to
be trying very hard to get more money and power
|
Make
much of make light of
|
to
give a lot of importance to something
“Curtis
claimed to be one-eighth American Indian and made much of this in his
political career. Her campaign made much of economic issues at the party
convention”.
|
Make
a day/night of It
|
to
continue with an enjoyable activity during all of (a
day/night/morning/afternoon/evening)
<Since
we're going out to dinner anyway, let's make an evening of it and go to a
movie afterward.>
|
Make
a point of
|
to always do
something or to take particular care to do something:
“She
makes a point of keeping all her shopping receipts.”
|
Make
a meal of something
|
to treat
something as more important or serious than it really is
“I
know I was wrong, but you don’t need to make such a meal of it.”
|
Make
as if to
|
If you make
as if to do something, you seem as if that is what you are going to do:
“He
made as if to speak.”
|
To
be in the making
|
in
development; in the process of developing.
“This
is a real problem in the making. Let's try to keep it from getting any worse.”
|
Make
one’s day
|
To
ensure the pleasure and distinction of one's whole day : getting the computer
fixed made her day
|
Make
hay
|
to use an
opportunity to get the most benefit
“Critics
continue to make hay over the president's lack of self-discipline.”
Usage
notes: usually said about a competitive situation
|
Make
a bundle
|
to earn a
lot of money:
“They
made a bundle selling their business.”
|
1. A revolution is already in the making. We must
take care.
2. Don’t trust him to give you a bargain. He is always on
the make.
3. Your son has the makings of an excellent engineer.
4. Two years in the navy will probably be the making of him.
5. John really made a bundle on the deal.
6. He really made a meal of that job. It took him four hours.
7. The candidate’s opponent made hay of the scandal with his
ex-wife.
8. There is no meat in the house, so we will have to make do
with potatoes.
9. He made as it to hit me, but he was only pretending.
10. We must make a firm stand against the lowering of educational
standards.
11. Robert attempted to make light of his separation with
Julia.
12. It was Sunday the next day, so we decided to make a night of it and go
to a night club.
13. I’ll make a point of the asking her today. I’ve been ignoring it for
too long.
14. She made much of the fact that you lied to her.
15. Just seeing the little man eating pancakes can make my day.
16. The people in
these communities work two or three jobs just to make ends meet.
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