CHAPTER 4 THE ADVERB

4.1. Semantics

The adverb is a class of notional words denoting properties of non-substantive referents – verbal situations and properties. When speakers represent verbal situations, it often becomes necessary to specify circumstances: e.g. He took the bag inside.

CHAPTER 5 THE PREPOSITION

5.1. Defining the functional series 

The preposition is a functional series of words. Prepositions relate nouns (or noun equivalents, such as pronouns or gerund forms) to other sentence elements (such as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs):

CHAPTER 6 THE VERB

6.1. General characteristics

6.1.1. Lexico-grammatical classification of verbs – the verb is a grammatical class of words denoting situations and establishing the relation between the situation reported and the extralinguistic reality. Therefore, the verb is central in expressing the predicative function of the sentence.